Data came from a national school bullying survey (N = 3,675) with students from 4th grade (primary school) to 12th grade (high school) in Mainland China. Participants were geographically sampled from schools located in seven regions, including the capital city (Beijing) and six provinces (Liaoning, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Gansu). In each region, one primary school, one middle school, one high school, and one vocational training school2 were conveniently selected. At each school site, for each grade level, one class was randomly selected. For primary schools, only students from grades 4 to 6 participated in the study, given the consideration of student literacy in reading and completing surveys. At each school site, a research assistant administered the data collection by distributing paper questionnaires to students. All students were informed that participation in the study was voluntary, and we obtained consent from parents and the teacher in charge of each student class cohort. Students who consented to participate were given time to complete the survey independently during class time.